More than 1 in 4 babies born in the UK are now born by caesarean (NHS, 2023). A caesarean birth is an operation where an obstetrician makes an incision in your abdomen and womb, just above your bikini line, and safely lifts your baby out through this opening.
Find out more about caesarean births with NHS Choices.
With the NHS, elective caesareans (sometimes called planned caesareans) are usually performed after 39 weeks of pregnancy, to ensure that your baby has had time for their organs to fully develop. Elective caesareans are recommended for various reasons, such as having a low-lying placenta, or babies that are presenting in certain breech positions (i.e. feet first). In some cases a caesarean may be planned before 39 weeks of pregnancy if there are concerns for mum or the baby; the risks and benefits of delivering your baby early or continuing with the pregnancy will always be explained and discussed with you to help you make the right decision for you and your baby.
Unplanned caesareans are usually performed when risk to mum or baby changes – it might be that labour isn’t progressing, you start bleeding, or your baby isn’t responding well to contractions. In some cases, such as when a baby has restricted growth or reduced movements, an emergency caesarean may be done before labour has started.
Unplanned caesareans are not always done straight away but there will usually be some degree of urgency. When they need to be done quickly, your midwife needs help to prepare you for theatre, so try not to worry too much if several members of the maternity team come into your room to help.